To minimize pest and disease
ingress, use the following guidelines when pruning.

Where to cut
When pruning
ensure that the cut is both neat and close to the stem, without actually
cutting into it (Fig 11.10a). Doing this will help ensure that the cut heals
quickly and completely thereby minimizing the ingress of disease and pests
(Fig 11.10b).
Pruning tools
Suitable
tools for pruning include secateurs or a sharp blade (e.g. scalpel).
For a neat and clean cut, tools should be sharp and sterilized with bleach
prior to use.